Lubricating oil



Patented May 15, 1934 UNITED" STATES 1,959,054 LUBRICATING oiL' Alfred Henriksen and Bert E. Lincoln, Ponca City, Okla., assignors to Continental Oil Company, Ponca City, Okla., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 29, 1933,

Serial No. 678,192

Claims.

Our invention relates to an improved lubrieating oil and more particularly to a lubricating oil having a low cold test and a high film strength.

In the production of high grade lubricating oils 5 for the present day motor equipment, certain characteristics must be obtained in the finished lubricantother than viscosity, flash point, freedom from grit and other abrasive substances which were previously the controlling factors.

Present day high grade lubricants must have, in

addition to' the above, low cold test or solidification point, high film strength, and increased oiliness or unctuosity.

Low cold test or solidification point of the lubricant is obtainable in the present day art by the very costly dewaxing processes. In addition to the high cost of original equipment for dewaxing and the continued high cost of operation of dewaxing equipment, thereis another objecticn to this method of obtaining low cold test due to certain objectionable changes in the nature of the lubricant as a .direct result of the removal of the wax.

Qne object of our invention is to provide a lubricant having a lower cold test and an increased film strength.

Another object is to provide economically a lubricant of low cold test without impairing its other desirable characteristics and at the same time greatly improve its film strength.

Other objects of our invention will appear from the following description.

In general our invention comprises the addition of a halogen containing amide of an organic acid to a hydrocarbon lubricant. We have found that the halogenated amides in general are satisfactory for use in our invention. We have also found that the amides treated with sulfur chlorides will also accomplish desirable re- 40 suits.

As an example of our invention orthotolyl stearamide of commercial purity was chlorinated by the. addition of chlorine until the orthotolyl stearamide had increased in weight by 10 per cent in one case and by 20 per cent in another case. Upon the addition of chlorine the reaction proceeded rather vigorously at first, but in obtaining the addition of the last few percentages of chlorine in the high chlorine content product 50 required our raising the temperature to approximately 250 F. The chlorinated, product was water washed in ether solution, dried by filtering through paper, and the ether distilled oil. A;

high quality 20 F. cold test, 350 viscosity over- 55 head stock was selected to prove the efliciency of our invention. The following table shows the results accomplished:

In the above examples it is noted that the cold test may be lowered 24 degrees F. 7 by the addition of 1 per cent of chlorinated orthotolyl stearamide. With a hydrocarbon lubricant of a higher cold test or of a different viscosity, it may be advisable to add more or less of the chlorinated amide to accomplish the same or agreater cold test lowering. Our invention is therefore applicable to hydrocarbon lubricating oils which have been dewaxed partially or which have not been dewaxed. The percentage of halogenated amide added may vary over a wide range and be from .2 per cent or less to as much as 3 per cent or more of the finished lubricant. I I

It is to be understood that any of the halogens or any organic amide may be used, the above example being for purposes of illustration only.

In proving the film strength improvement of our lubricant, we used the Timken machine which was developed and has been described by the Timken Roller Bearing Company. In general this machine determines the pressure at which a lubricant will break down in use and allow scoring, scufiing, or seizure of the rubbing surfaces with all' conditions except pressure at the rubbing surface held constant. In conducting this test, 5 weights are added to a lever beam which imposes increased'pressure at the rubbing surfaces. The pound weights added in the test tocause rupture. of the film of lubricant may be converted .to approximate pounds per square inch on the 1 rubbing surfaces and thereby give a comparison of the film strength of any two lubricants.

We. selected a highquality'S. A. E. 40 hydrocarbon lubricant, which showed a Timken film strength .of 11 pound weights or approximately 5 per cent of chlorine and 'in another example 1 per llo,

cent of chlorinated orthotolyl stearamide containing 20 per cent of chlorine with the following From the above example it is noted that the film strength of the hydrocarbon lubricant was increased by about 230 to 250 per cent.

In another example a commercial orthotolyl stearamide was treated with about 15 per cent by weight of sulfur chloride at a temperature of approximately 300 F. for 10 minutes. The reaction product of the orthotolyl stearamide and the sulfur chloride was purified by the ordinary means and 1 per cent of it added to a 20 F. cold test 350 overhead stock and the cold test of the blend determined and found to be 15 F. To another sample of the 20 F. cold test 350 overhead stock .2 per cent of the sulfur chloride treated orthotolyl stearamide was added and the cold test of the resulting product found to be 6 F. Upon determining the film strength by the Timken test of these two products, we found that the film strength had been increased by approximately 225 to 250 per cent.

The lubricant should be fully refined prior to adding the halogenated amide, since acid or clay treatment of the hydrocarbon lubricant containing the halogenated amide would tend to remove and/or destroy it.

It is not within the scope of our invention to cover the method and apparatus used for halogenation since any of the well known methods may be employed. Various means may be used to purify -the halogenated amide.

The amide used for halogenation may be of commercial purity, since chemically pure products are not required. In fact, it is desirable to have a small per cent of unchanged organic acid in the mixture of the amide.

Primary, secondary and tertiary amines, when converted to the amide with any of the organic acids, may be used in our invention. ,v We have tried a large number .of organic amides, that is, compounds obtained by replacing one hydrogen atom in ammonia by an organic acid radical, or, by. replacing the OH of the carboxyl group by NHz. Acetic acid, for example, CH:.COOH which will give acetamide, CHaCONHz. Substituted amides in which one or both of theamide hydrogen atoms are replaced by radicals are within the scope of our invention, as for example, methyl .acetamide, CHaCONHCI-Ia. All of the amides, when halogenated or sulfur chlorinated have an analogous effect. The film strength is increased and the cold test is lowered and naturally, the degree of change of film strength and cold test will vary with the different amides, but we believe that our invention is one inceptive of a new advance in the art, and accordingly wish to claim the same broadly.

What we claim is:

1. A lubricating oil comprising in combination.

ahydrocarbon oil and a small amount of a substance selected from the following group: halogenated amides of aliphatic acids and sulfur chlorinated amides of aliphatic acids.

2. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of a chlorinated amide of a fatty acid.

3. A lubricating oil comprising in combination,

a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of chlorinated orthotolyl stearamide.

4. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of pho-chlorlnated amide of a fatty acid. M

5. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of sulphochlorinated orthotolyl stearamide.

Amman BERT H. LINCOLN.

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